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Cat. I · Foundations & Professional Practice4 min read

Research Design & Evidence-Based Practice

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EBP Triangle

Evidence-Based Practice integrates three components:

  1. Best available research evidence
  2. Clinical expertise (SLP's knowledge and judgment)
  3. Client/family values and preferences

High-Yield: EBP is not just "use research." All three components must be weighed. A treatment with strong evidence may not be appropriate if it conflicts with client values.

Evidence Hierarchy (Strongest → Weakest)

  1. Systematic reviews / Meta-analyses: synthesize multiple studies; strongest evidence
  2. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs): gold standard for individual studies
  3. Non-randomized controlled studies (quasi-experimental)
  4. Cohort studies
  5. Case-control studies
  6. Case series / Case studies
  7. Expert opinion / Clinical consensus

This order follows the Oxford CEBM levels of evidence. ASHA's older four-level scheme (Ia to IV) groups well-designed nonexperimental studies, such as cohort and case-control designs, into one level, so the two systems number levels differently.

The rest of this outline 5

  1. Study Designs
  2. Reliability Types
  3. Validity Types
  4. Key Statistical Concepts
  5. Sources to Know

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